Call Points

What is a call point for a 2 wire fire system?

A call point, also known as a manual call point or break glass unit, is a manually operated device that triggers an alarm on a 2-wire fire detection system. When activated, typically by breaking a glass panel or pressing a button, the call point sends a signal to the control panel, alerting occupants and emergency services of a potential fire. 2 wire systems use just two conductors to transmit both power and alarm signals, making them significantly more cost-effective and simpler to install than other systems. Call points are essential components of any fire safety system, providing a human element that complements automatic smoke and heat detectors. They're especially valuable in areas where immediate manual intervention is crucial, such as corridors, stairwells, and exits. Every facility using a 2-wire fire system must have multiple strategically placed call points to ensure occupants can easily trigger an alarm from anywhere in the building within a few seconds of discovering a fire.

Why are 2 wire fire systems popular for call points?

2 wire fire systems are popular because they offer simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and reliable performance without unnecessary complexity. 2 wire systems cleverly combine both power and signalling functions into a single pair of copper conductors, reducing cabling costs and installation labour significantly. This simplified architecture means fewer wires to route through walls and ceilings, faster installation, and easier maintenance. 2 wire systems are especially suited for small to medium-sized buildings, retrofits, and budget-conscious projects where the additional features of more complex systems aren't essential. Despite their simplicity, modern 2 wire fire systems are highly reliable and meet all relevant fire safety codes and standards.

What's the difference between a call point and other fire detection devices?

Call points differ fundamentally from automatic detectors like smoke and heat sensors, they rely on human activation rather than automatic detection. While a smoke detector continuously monitors air quality and triggers automatically when smoke is present, a call point requires someone to intentionally activate it after discovering a fire. This human element is crucial because it provides immediate, deliberate alarm initiation that can begin emergency procedures faster than waiting for automatic detection, especially in the early stages of a fire when smoke may not yet be dense enough to trigger automatic detectors. Call points also serve as a backup if automatic detectors fail or don't function properly in certain areas.

Are call points required by fire safety regulations?

Yes, call points are mandatory in virtually all buildings subject to fire safety regulations, including commercial, industrial, educational, and healthcare facilities. Fire safety standards such as BS 5839 (UK) and EN 54 (Europe) all require manual call points in accessible locations throughout buildings. Regulations typically specify minimum spacing between call points, usually no more than 30-40 metres of travel distance from any point in the building to ensure occupants can reach one within seconds. The number and placement of call points depends on building size, layout, and occupancy type. A small office might need 2-3 call points, while a large warehouse or shopping centre might require 20 or more.

How is a call point activated?

Call points are activated through one of two primary methods: break-glass activation or push-button activation, depending on the model and application. Break-glass call points require users to break a thin glass panel (usually by pressing a button or striking the cover) to expose the alarm trigger, creating an intentional barrier that discourages accidental activation while remaining easy to operate in emergencies. The distinctive action of breaking glass also serves as a clear, unambiguous signal that an alarm has been deliberately triggered. Push-button call points simply require pressing a clearly labelled button, offering faster activation and better accessibility. Push-buttons are becoming increasingly common because they reduce injury risk (no broken glass) and activation time. Some modern call points offer dual activation methods, both break-glass and push-button, to accommodate different preferences and user abilities.

How often should call points be tested?

Call points should be tested regularly, typically monthly for automatic function testing, with comprehensive system testing performed quarterly or semi-annually, though specific requirements will vary. Monthly testing involves physically activating one call point and verifying that the control panel detects the alarm and triggers audible alarms and visual indicators throughout the building. Quarterly or semi-annual testing should verify the complete system: multiple call points, automatic detectors, alarm devices, and communication with emergency services, ensuring all components work together seamlessly. A qualified fire safety engineer should conduct comprehensive annual inspections, checking cable integrity, verifying all call points are present and accessible, and confirming the system meets all applicable codes. Testing records must be carefully maintained and provided to fire inspectors during routine inspections-poor documentation or evidence of untested systems can result in code violations or building closure orders.